Nursing Health Care Providers and Patients

Question: What tensions do you think you might experience arising from the differing worldviews of administrators, health care providers, and patients? Answer: Difference in the perception of the different group and individuals caused various conflicts in taking decision concerning the health. Highlighting the perception of the healthcare providers, patients and administrators, there view upon the health is totally different. In analyzing the differing worldviews of administrators, it is seen that the pressure arises upon the healthcare providers and the patients as well (Ness, 2013). The administrators are duly responsible for taking the charge of the healthcare support for the patient/s and at the same time, they are also responsible for availing the health care providers for the patients in the hospital or at residence. While observing the administrators, it is also noticed about the preference provided to the type of health cases they manage and priority given to the emergency cases by the managers of the hospital. At this moment, the pressure is all upon the authority for assessing the importance of the health care services provided to the patients. The healthcare providers are responsible after the authority is delegated to them by the administrators (Dettenkofer, 2013). As seen there is a vast differences between the views of individuals upon the common situation, it shall result in the differences of their service providing style. In some of the cases, these differences also become the reason for the conflict between the administrators and healthcare providers. While observing the patients who are availing the services also become the sufferers of this different views and conflicts of the administrators and health care providers (Office, 2015). References List Dettenkofer, M. (2013). Healthcare environment decontamination. Healthcare Infection, 18(1), 47. doi:10.1071/hi13005 Ness, D. (2013). Healthcare: Serving the Patient. Healthcare, 1(3-4), 58. doi:10.1016/j.hjdsi.2013.07.009 Office, H. (2015). Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Healthcare in 2014. Healthcare, 3(1), 1-2. doi:10.3390/healthcare3010001

Assess the Validity of Dworkin’s Criticisms Towards Positivism free essay sample

DworkinCritically assess the validity of Dworkin’s criticisms towards positivism and whether natural law theory may itself be disputed. â€Å"Positivism is a model of and for a system of rules, and its central notion of a single fundamental test for law forces us to miss the important standards that are rules. † explains Dworkin on his attack on positivism. It is argued, by Dworkin, that both legal positivism and natural law theories are in reality searching for an answer to the question ‘what is law? A  fundamental question and challenge towards the debate and critique of the natural lawyer and positivist. However Dworkin directs towards another issue, a more specific question of understanding law, gained by asking ‘how do judges find the law’2. This directs attention towards ‘hard cases’3, a theory provided by legal positivism. It is explained by Dworkin that judges make use of standards that do not function as a system of rules, as opposed to what Hart would argue, but operate differently as other sorts of standards4. Hart, a positivist theorist, would argue that in the majority of cases rules will be clear, however, at some point, they will become indeterminate and unclear5. This is because they have what Hart calls, an ‘open texture’, and a defect inherent in Dworkin, R. (1997) Taking Rights Seriously, London: Duckworth. At p22 Morrison, W. (1997) Jurisprudence: from the Greeks to Post-Modernism, London: Cavendish. At p422 3 A concept where the law seems to run out, they arise where it is not clear what the legal answer is, or where by the existing rules of law provide no answer. Riddall, J. He distinguishes between these two to explain that policies attempt to ‘secure the community goal’ where as principles ‘justify political decisions’ by showing that the decision respects or secures some individual or group right. 8 This goal is set out to generally improve the community. 9 In nature principles, unlike Harts rules, can be applied or not applied without affecting there existence, a court will draw on these standards in order to reach a decision on the ‘hard case’10. With this submission, it is in disrepute with Hart’s notion of the ‘Rule of Recognition’. For instance, officials in Nazi Germany obeyed Hitler’s commands as law, only out of fear. Dworkin compares both Harts and John Austin’s11 theory to say that there would be no difference between a group of people accepting a rule of recognition and simply falling into a self-conscious pattern of obedience out of fear12. Dworkin continues to explain that if acceptance requires more than obedience, then there was no law in Nazi Germany. He thus believes that it is inadequate, notably as Ibid Lectures in Jurisprudence (ed. Cambell), p. 219; post, 1421, quoted in Freeman, M. D. A. Lloyd’s Introduction to Jurisprudence, 7th ed. , London: Sweet Maxwell. At p1390 8 Supra, n , no1 at p82 9 Riddall, J. G. (1999) Jurisprudence, 2nd ed. , London: Butterworths. at p101 10 Wacks, R. (1999) Jurisprudence, 5th ed. , London: Blackstones Press. At p120 11 A theory that a proposition of law is true within a particular political society if it correctly reports the past command of the sovereign power. 12 Dworkin, R. (1986) Law’s Empire, Oxford: Hart Publishing. At p35 7 6 Page 2 of 13 20325011 there is no rule of recognition that distinguishes between legal and moral principles. Therefore Hart’s theory does not capture how lawyers find law and therefore lacks a justificatory force. 14 It is explained, furthermore, that if two rules conflict, both cannot survive one must be incorrect. Principles are different; they do not apply to all or nothing but apply together as they have weight, thus balances for the person’s rights15. It is important to note that the word ‘principle’ is not used in the sense that it requires compliance with a standard regardless of the consequences16, Dworkin uses it to mean ‘propositions that describe rights’17. His challenge continues; the idea to separate law and morality is incorrect, not so far that law should be based purely on morality18. For instance, the infamous case of Donoghue v Stevenson19, the biblical ‘principle’ not to harm your neighbour effectively becomes a legal principle, therefore morality is inherent in law. Lord Atkin has constructively developed a principle, the neighbour principle, to be applied in future arising situations20. Furthermore, the case of Riggs v Palmer21 forms the basis of Dworkins illustration on how legal principles work where the judges ‘found’ and applied an equitable principle Dworkin argues that this decision demonstrates that in addition to rules, the law includes principles23. The answer was already inherent in society, a substantial belief by Dworkin, that there is a right answer to every legal question, thus not acting retrospectively opposed to what Hart believed that there is no law covering a particular gap or situation24. According to Dworkin, there in fact lie principles. Hart would state that judges must use there discretion in deciding whether a particular case comes within a rule or not, by way of statutory interpretation25. Hart continues to explain that there is no possibility of treating the question raised by the various cases as if there were only one right answer, a solid belief by Dworkin that there is a right answer26. However, Dworkin argues against this approach which allows for a judge to make a policy decision not based on law in ‘hard cases’. He argues that by Hart seeing law soles based on a system of rules; he fails to take account of general principles27. In contrast, Dworkin challenges that the judge does not revert to a policy and act as a law maker; instead the judge applies legal principles to bring about a correct right answer based on law. Dworkins’ article, Hard Cases, continues to say that judges must apply a principle of, what he calls ‘articulate consistency’ in determining the applicability of statutes and Doherty, M. (2005) Jurisprudence Textbook: the Philosophy of Law, 4th ed. , London: Old Bailey Press. At p228 23 Wacks, R. (1999) Jurisprudence, 5th ed. , London: Blackstones Press. At p123 24 Supra, n , no 10 at p228 25 Supra, n , no5 . At p158 26 The concept of Law, at p132 quoted in Freeman, M. D. A. (2001) Lloyd’s Introduction to Jurisprudence, 7th ed. , London: Sweet Maxwell. He uses the word ‘consistency’ to refer to the application of the principle relied upon, not the application of the rule. There was no rule in Riggs v Palmer30, only a principle that a person should not benefit from their crime31. Besides Dworkin sees the law as a seamless web in which there is always a uniquely right answer and strongly rejects Hart’s view that there are ‘penumbral areas of doubt’ within which a judge can exercise free discretion32. This is opposed to Dworkins’ strong belief that judges do not have a wide discretion when the rules seem to run out33. This directs attention towards the fictional judge developed by Dworkin, Hercules J. He is a judge with superhuman skill, learning, patience and acumen34 used to illustrate an idealistic process, fundamentally essential to his construction35. This judge is expected to construct a scheme of abstract and concrete principles that provides a coherent justification for all common law precedents and is intended to point the way to the correct legal answer36. He will decide on a theory of law which best coheres with his community. Arguably, for that reason, Hercules is deciding cases in the light of what already exists. Dworkin says that we can assume that Hercules accepts most of the settled rules of his jurisdiction, laying down the characteristics of law. 37 Supra, n , no 2 at p426 (1889) 22 NE 188 31 Supra, n , no 1 at p88 32 Supra, n , no 10 at p225 33 Waldron, J. (2009) ‘Refining the question about judges’ moral capacity’. International Journal of Constitutional Law. 69-82 34 Supra, n , no 1 at p105 and Freeman, M. D. A. (2001) Lloyd’s Introduction to Jurisprudence, 7th ed. However, Hercules is criticised on the grounds that he is a mythical being, no judge can behave in this Utopian style40, thus perhaps lacking ecological validity41. Some have gone so far as to label him a fraud, an assumption that he has discovered the right answer to a hard case, arrogantly assuming his conception of the law is correct. 42 However in Laws Empire, based on theoretical disagreements in law, Dworkin responds explaining that Hercules does not pretend that he has found the ‘right’ answer but he has only discovered what it should be, a significant difference to his terminology43. This then brings light to Dworkins’ ‘one right answer’ theory, which must not be assumed by this rather assumptive statement. As already briefly explored, it is the proposition that there is only one single uniquely ‘right’ answer to all legal questions44. He agrees that through judicial precedent, judges agree that earlier decisions have a particular gravitational force45. A judge will rarely have the independence to be inconsistent with this notion by the fact that they acknowledge that they are bound by a hierarchy of previous judicial decisions46. When a judge Supra, n , no 9 At p94 Ibid at p94 40 Supra, n , no17 . At p131. The term Utopian is a name for an ideal community or society. 41 A psychological term relating to the applicability of a matter to ‘real’ life. 42 Ibid commenting on that the theory travels badly. 43 Dworkin, R. (1986) Law’s Empire, Oxford: Hart Publishing. At p261 44 Sadurski, W. (2009) ‘Rights and moral reasoning: an unstated assumption a comment on Jeremy Waldrons Judges as moral reasoners’. International Journal of Constitutional Law. 25-42 45 Supra, n , no5 . At p167 46 Ibid at p168 39 38 Page 6 of 13 20325011 defines this precedent, only the arguments of principle are taken  into account to justify that principle47. Furthermore, in the light of this point, Dworkin continues his argument with the analogy of a chess game; perhaps not the most enthused of illustrations. In the course of the game one player is significantly distracted by the other player (named Tal) persistently smiling. Though this act may not be in breach of the ‘chess rule book’, Dworkin would argue that on an analysis of what the game of chess essentially entails, similar to how a judge should decide a hard case; psychological intimidation would have been deemed against the nature of the game48. The referee ought to find the one answer that best fits with the general practice of chess. Additionally, leading to another of Dworkins’ challenges, the rule already existing prior to the game, it does not act retrospectively. This term retrospection relates to that in hard cases judges have discretion to decide the outcome, making new law, consequently it acts retrospectively, and a defect in Dworkins’ conventionalist view of law49. However in the light of Dworkins’ view, a party claiming injustice through retrospection is in fact bound by a law that was already available to anyone, if sought in the proper way. The decision merely gave effect to this existential law. 50 It must now be considered where Dworkin himself fits in with either positivism or natural law. Officially, he is contemporary legal positivism’s harshest critic. It is verified from the above analysis and chapter one in Laws Empire that he is not a 47 48 Supra, n , no13 . At p28 Supra, n , no 17 at p125 49 Supra, n , no 19 at p99 50 Supra, n , no 9 at p107 Page 7 of 13 20325011 positivist in the sense that where the law seems to run out, the judge creates a new fitting law, termed as conventionalism, a strong rejection by Dworkin51. His connection with the ‘right answer theory’ may be said to tie with morality, if the right answer is the best fit, it is the best morally fit answer, it would not be the best fit answer, if it was immoral thus coinciding with natural law52. Like Fuller, Dworkin accepts that moral reasoning in an integral part of legal reasoning therefore morality is part of the law, though in Dworkins’ view it is not necessarily connected. Both theories argue that lawyers follow criteria that are not entirely factual but to some extent moral for deciding what propositions of law are true53. Continuing this exploration, Dworkin believes that the law and adjudication ought to comply with certain standards, notably those embodied in the phrase ‘Law as Integrity’, one of the three rival theories of law which Dworkin constructs and challenges54, again he seems to lean more towards natural law. However, Dworkin makes his position clear that he does not believe in higher principles above and outside the law, as an everlasting sovereign power. Instead he believes that justice has a merit in its own right. 55 On this basis Dworkin believes that adjudication ought to operate in compliance with the standards, and in his view not to the principles of God but to what is right. He does not link morality with the validity of law, this does not concern him. Thus he may rather be placed as a jurist who explores the nature of both illustrating an ideal Supra, n , no6 at p109 Simmonds, N. (2008) ‘Law as a Moral Idea’. Edinburgh Law Review. 150-153 53 Supra, n , no12 at p37 54 Freeman, M. D. A. (2001) Lloyd’s Introduction to Jurisprudence, 7th ed. He has merely shown that a sensible account of law would have a place for principles as well as rules57. This leads to further analysis, focussing now to the theory of ‘Law as Integrity’, a theory showing our legal practice at its best light58. Dworkin, though his term remains illusive, claims that it offers a plan for adjudication which points judges to use ‘integrity’ as a method for deciding cases. The theory explains that propositions of law are true if they follow the principles of justice, fairness and ‘procedural due process’ which provide the best constructive interpretation of the community’s legal practice59. As already seen Hercules acts with integrity and may be said to be a constructive interpreter of the laws written before him60. Integrity insists that legal claims are interpretive judgements and consequently rejects the question whether judges find or invent law61. This method essentially would instruct a judge to identify legal rights and duties, on an assumption that they are created by one author representing a community expressing a ‘coherent conception of justice and fairness’62. Dworkin argues that with this one author or separate entity, the judges can assume that the law is structured on coherent principles63. The judge, following integrity, would look for a principle that, according to Dworkin, ‘fits and justifies’64 a complex part of the legal practice. This, Supra, n , no 9 At p110 Supra, n , no 1 At p58 58 Supra, n , no 34 At p1396 59 Doherty, M. Therefore a society adopts integrity in order to justify its moral authority to assume and organise control of coercive force66. However positivism does not require judges to justify their decisions. In this way, positivism does not consider the law as being separate and independent. Instead the positivist would see the law as comprising a set of ‘discrete’ decisions, enabling a judge to exercise his discretion to amend it, contrary to what Dworkin argues67. Dworkin explains that the consistency that would be provided from integrity would entitle people to a coherent and ethical extension of past decisions. Positivism would deny this on the basis that it denies consistency in principle as a judicial virtue for ambiguous statutes and unclear precedents to try to achieve consistency68, a point which is emphasised by Hercules. Furthermore Dworkin believes that an adoption of an approach, whereby a judge ‘ought’ to operate in the society Dworkin thinks ‘ought’ to exist70, would protect against prejudice, dishonesty, and corruption whilst promoting participation in democracy71. However not all judges will come to the same conclusion. Even though they were seeking the correct answer, many may find a different route and therefore end in a different place. Concluding, Dworkin is the leading critic of positivism, and in particular, Harts own version of it. Dworkin believes that the law never runs out and that the answer is always there readily available if the matter is sought properly. He disagrees with Hart as he insists that at the point of where the law is incomplete, judges must use their discretion to reach a solution, a new law to fill in that gap75. His right answer theory attacks this largely on the basis that there are standards other than rules operative in our society. He challenges natural law as a particularly unpersuasive theory, an extreme theory that insists that law is dependant on morality and identical to justice76, as explored in this essay, Dworkin differs as he does not link morality with the validity of law. He is unconvinced with an everlasting sovereign and believes that justice has a merit in its own right. He is not a natural lawyer nor a positivist but rather a jurist, challenging and illustrating an ideal form for this process of adjudication77. â€Å"That is†¦what law is for us: for the people we want to be and the community we aim to have. Lloyd’s Introduction to Jurisprudence, 7th ed. , London: Sweet Maxwell. McCoubrey, H. White, N. D. (1999) Textbook on Jurisprudence, 3rd ed. , London Blackstone Press. Morrison, W. (1997) Jurisprudence: from the Greeks to Post-Modernism, London: Cavendish. Riddall, J. G. (1999) Jurisprudence, 2nd ed. , London: Butterworths. Wacks, R. (1999) Jurisprudence, 5th ed. , London: Blackstones Press. Journals Lester, A. (1993) ‘English Judges as Law Makers’ Public law 269-290 MacCormick, N (2008) ‘Our Knowledge of the Law: Objectivity and Practice in Legal Theory’ Edinburgh Law Review 150-153 Patterson, D. Dworkin on the semantics of legal and political concepts’ Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. 545-557 Sadurski, W. (2009) ‘Rights and moral reasoning: an unstated assumption a comment on Jeremy Waldrons Judges as moral reasoners’. International Journal of Constitutional Law. 25-42 Seims, M, M. (2008) ‘Legal originality’. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. 147-164 Simmonds, N. (2008) ‘Law as a Moral Idea’.

Star Spangled Banner free essay sample

The Star Spangled Banner Patriotism reflects the affection and reverence one has for the nation they were born in and lived their whole life. Devotion to country can be shown through many different ways of which one is the recitation of the nations national anthem. The people of the United States of America display their loyalty to their nation by reciting The Star Spangled Banner. Over the last seventy-nine years many singers have sung the U. S national anthem, but there are four renditions that are widely recognized. Each version of the anthem sung by different artists over time mirrors different passions, but always ends up showing the pride and loyalty the artists feel for their nation, The United States of America. The version of the anthem The Star Spangled Banner sung by the U. S Air force Band is undeniably a very customary and nationalistic version. The band is able to perform it zealously at various 4th of July celebrations and many other occasions. We will write a custom essay sample on Star Spangled Banner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The music is composed by using trumpets, drums and flutes which display a gallant feeling, and of course provoke a ense of nationalism to the country, fulfilling the artists purpose of the song, which is to make the audience feel the sense of love for their nation. The extreme electric- guitar abilities of Jimi Hendrix are shown through his version of The Star Spangled Banner. His rendition of the anthem is a proclamation of the freedom he has got in his country proudly shown through his performance of the national anthem. The tune of the electrical guitar that Hendrix plays on, adds an exuberant and wild sound to the anthem, which actually imitates the wildness of the War of 1812 at Fort McHenry. The anthem ends with a peaceful tone, not like it begins, symbolizing the victorious moment, and Joyfulness of the war. The main purpose achieved by Jimi Hendrix is apparent, which was to make the audience actually live through the highs and lows of the War of 1812, Just like Francis Scott went through when he composed the anthem. Another vocal band, The Gaither gives an extremely influential performance of The Star Spangled Banner. Their performance leaves a strong impression of loyalty on the audience. Unlike, the U. S. Air force Band and Jimi Hendrix, The Gaither tends to stretch out certain lyrics of the song in order to highlight the importance of the fact that our flag symbolizes the utter patriotism of the Americans, still lives on. The artists goal through their performance is to show the audience the eternal and everlasting affection they have for The United States of America. Whitney Houston, a member of the Florida Orchestra performs the national anthem in a really impressive condition. Her patriotism and loyalty she has for her country shines through her voice and the high notes and stretches she hits uring the song. These things are an apparent example of the endless amount of admiration and loyalty she feels for her country. The drums and other various instruments in the background help embellish her of The Star Spangled Banner. She achieves her purpose of making her way into the hearts of the listeners during her performance with her high notes of the song. Each of the four renditions of The Star Spangled Banner has one thing in common; they all elicit a strong sense of nationalism, patriotism and eternal love for the country, but each version also gives

Essay Topics For Third Grade

Essay Topics For Third GradeThird grade essay topics are just as important as the topics in the first and second grades. The most important is that you know that the topic of your essay is going to be very important to your child. It is not enough to read the word topic on a sheet of paper and then write your essay. There are many ways that you can keep the topic fresh for your child and make it unique for them.Your child is going to become bored with the same topic over again. They are going to read about a subject that is similar to something that they already know. This will make it difficult for them to get into the mind of their child. Here are some tips for finding new topics for your child's essays.Your child will naturally have common interests. It is necessary to discuss those interests when you are writing your essay. A few examples of common interests include an interest in reading, a hobby like a foreign language, an interest in science, or an interest in music.When you d o research on your child's common interests, you should find out what activities they are involved in that relate to these interests. This will give you an idea as to what your child is interested in when it comes to activities that will interest them when they read their essay.The activities you are going to discuss in your essay should also be something that your child has already mentioned in class. If there is a common activity among the group of kids in your class, but not among the adults in the class, this can be included in your essay topic. Also, if your child knows of activities that do not fall under any of the groups in your class, this can also be included in your essay topic.Once you have covered the basic ideas of the topic, you can begin discussing the facts of the topic. This is where you should go into detail about the topic. Most children love to hear things about themselves in a lot of detail, so make sure that you use this strategy to your advantage.You should e ncourage your child to express their own opinion. Encourage them to speak their mind and let their opinions be known in their essay. There is nothing wrong with telling them what you think of their essay and encouraging them to debate the topic and get as many points across as possible.You should discuss all of the common topics that your child enjoys. This is just a starting point. As you continue to read through more essays your child has already written, you will see the different ways that you can incorporate their interests into their own essay topics.

Glry essays

Glry essays Glory America's Civil War was one of the most important wars in the History in the United States. In this war about 700,000 Americans were killed and nearly 37,000 of these casualties were of men of the African American descent. The movie Glory is one of the best-known movies of African Americans from the North fighting in the civil war. This story is largely seen through the eyes of Robert Shaw, the young commanding officer of the fifty-fourth Massachusetts volunteer African American Regiment. The soldiers of the 54th Regiment faced many hardships. Due lack of supplies, soldier's feet were all bloody and full of blisters. One solider received a brutal military whipping as a punishment when he was caught deserting trying to find shoes. Uniforms weren't being given out for a while too. The men also received news that they were only to receive pay of ten dollars rather than receiving thirteen dollars, which the white soldiers were given. At first, soldiers of the 54th were used for nothing but manual labor, until Shaw convinced his commander through the use of blackmail to allow the 54th Regiment to be transferred to a combat command. This tactic proved that these African American men were equal if not better than the white soldiers because of their heart and will to prove their abilities. I think that the key scene in this movie would definitely be the battle at the end of the movie. This was the battle in which Commander Shaw led his black regiment, the first group of men to try and conquer the Confederate fort. Shaw did this knowing that the casualties would be tremendous but he proceeded anyway. This was Commander Shaw's last battle along with most of his black regiment. They died trying to capture the Confederate fort and none of them would have wanted it differently. Though Shaw's regiment was heroic and honored, they were unable to capture the Confederate fort. ...

Media Globalisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media Globalisation - Essay Example The usage of facts and figures has been excellent here and the writer has not stepped back in accepting the fact that the Japanese television industry is highly influenced by the American industry. Then the trend of the Japanese television industry has been explained. The trend shifted towards more television shows from movies due to the huge boom in the popularity of television serials (Chun, 2006, p.368). Though American influence was present but since 1980s except some television serials imported from America others haven't fare well in Japan. American movie culture is still quite famous and people enjoy watching movies produced in Hollywood. The fame of television series' led to a decline in the movie audience and this lead to more filmmakers turning towards television industry, which only led to an increase in the popularity of television serials (Blumenthal et al, 2006, p.592). The importance given to a television serial is on the basis of its local touch that is the viewers do n't really care if the serial is a copy from some other television industry what they really care about is the 'Japanese odor' in the serial. The solution to this situation was to import television shows from different industries and run them in Japan adding a local touch, which proved to be quite successful in the end. One of the example of such television show mentioned by the writer here is 'Who wants to be a millionaire'. The success rate of this show in Japan was huge though it was an imported show but the cultural touch relevant to Japan that was given to it proved outstanding. The Japanese version is mostly the same as of the version running in Britain but with some amendments like the appearance of celebrities as challengers. The draw back that this article has here is the mentioning of an international television show being popular when the writer himself mentioned that locally produced television serials are more liked by Japanese people. To level out this effect the write r than discusses a show that was imported from America but failed to make its mark in the Japanese television industry, the name of the program is 'Survivor'. The cultural products that Japan exports are called culturally odorless as they do not depict any cultural theme of the country. It is in this context that the Japanese is called Mukokuseki which means something or someone lacking any nationality. Now the writer directs his attention towards the television serials that are being exported from Japan. The interesting fact here that the writer mentions is the number of programs being exported by Japan is far more than imported. The writer also discusses the point raised by many critics who say that the largest shareholder of Japanese exported programs is animation and cartoons. This point is further supported by the fact that the writer presents, the fact is that animated programs produced in Japanese only consist of 1 percent of the total animated programs being produced by Japan confirming that they are being produced to export. The animation producers do not portray Japanese culture in the cartoons and games because they think that this is better for these programs as they are for export. (Gomery & Hockley, 2006, p.142) By glocalizing, the Japanese are buying highly prominent program formats in the West and then localizing them according to the tastes of the Japanese. The author points that the format business is considered as a highly effective and

Development proposal for UK Fashion footwear retailer Essay

Development proposal for UK Fashion footwear retailer - Essay Example The essay "Development proposal for UK Fashion footwear retailer" talks about UK Fashion footwear retailer and analyzes Light Feet Ltd. Key Note (2012, p. 1) points out that the UK footwear market demonstrated an increase in expenditure by consumers on foot wear by 18% in 2008. This expenditure is related to the fact that substitute retail shops have led to competitive pricing for footwear and a resultant motivation of consumers to make more purchases. Light Feet Ltd requires to be aware of the competitive business environment within the UK footwear market so that managerial decisions on strategy and competitive advantage would be focused at overcoming the threat that substitute retail shops for footwear would pose on the company. In accordance to Business Wire (2012, p. 5), the switching costs of consumers within the UK footwear market are relatively low. This means that consumers would easily change the retailers from whom they buy footwear to substitute dealers without incurring s ignificant costs. In this regard, the company’s pricing policy must ensure that competitive prices are provided to the consumers so that the inclination of the buyers for substitute retailers for footwear can be overcome or reduced. It is therefore the performance of the company in pricing and tradeoffs with its advantages over the substitute retailers that competitiveness within the UK footwear market can be achieved. The UK footwear industry is highly competitive as illustrated by the values of imports. that various retailers have achieved from different global markets as presented on the figure below. Supplier Power Porter (2008, p. 82) demonstrates that the competitiveness of a company within a market is determined by the ability of a company to apply strategic business approaches which are aimed at taking advantage of the supplier power. In this regard, Light Feet Ltd must perform a market research and analysis in order to determine the power that the manufacturers of fo otwear within the UK have on the retailer who deal in these products. This will allow the company to make right choices and informed decisions on its relationship with the manufacturers of the footwear brands that it sells within this market. Through effective relationship with the suppliers or manufactures of footwear, the company will be able to win the confidentiality of the suppliers and as a result ensure a constant supply of footwear. This is an important consideration because it determines the ability of the company to meet the demand in the markets. Moreover, constant supply will allow Light Feet Ltd to meet the needs of its loyal and new customers for variety of footwear products. In the supply of footwear within the UK market various outlets have demonstrated competitive advantage as illustrated on the table below.    1995 2000 2005 2008 Shoe Shops 45 37 33 30 Sports and Outdoor shops 14 19 17 15 Clothing Stores 12 11 14 17 Grocery Superstores 5 7 8 7 Mail order/online 1 0 9 10 11 Other Retailers†  14 17 18 20 Total 100 100 100 100 Mintel Oxygen Reports (2012, p. 1) reveal that the footwear market in the UK is complex